Metabolic Race Essay

GREAT METABOLIC CHALLENGEmetabolic process is a series of vital biochemical processes that take place in order to sustain life. During a marathon run, the individual relies on the breakdown of carbohydrates and lipids, in order to provide cipher release in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (adenosine triphosphate). This essay allow for focus on the role of mobilization and structures of both carbohydrates and lipids in the issue of adenosine triphosphate.Mobilization of CarbohydratesWhen carbohydrates be consumed during a meal, catabolism originates in the mouth. The salivary enzyme -amylase breaks down the carbohydrates by means of the hydrolysis of the 1-4 glycosidic bonds. This is followed by the except breakdown of the complex polysaccharides in the small intestine down to monosaccharides units in order for the glucose to be intent directly into the bloodstream.Mobilization of LipidsLipids in the form of triaglycerols are a major source of energy storage. Initially, the l ipids are absorbed in the small intestine through emulsification into small droplets by bile salts thus forming tangled micelles. During low blood sugar levels, the secretion of glucagon and adrenalin hormones activates the release of the enzyme triacylglycerol lipase, which subsequently stimulates the release of fatty acids in adipocytes. The blood protein serum albumin then transports the fatty acid through the bloodstream to tissue such(prenominal) as the renal cortex, heart and emaciated muscle in order to provide energy through -oxidation.Provision of energy during raceOn your markAt the beginning of the race, internal energy laws checker in which direction and to what extent each metabolic reaction will proceed. According to this system, when the Gibbs Free cogency (G) is negative, a spontaneous forward reaction is proceeding towards equilibrium thus resulting in the formation of products from reactants. During this marathon, ATP is the energy currency during the breakdown of macromolecules, more specificallythe breakdown carbohydrates and lipids in this case. Furthermore ATP will be necessary for muscular movement and the transport of solutes across biological membranes. 5 minutesafter 5 minutes into the marathon, majority of the energy is being supplied by carbohydrates (85%) specifically glycogen that is stored in skeletal muscle and liver in comparison to a mere 15% of lipid utilization. At this earlier stage of the race, the ten-step process of glycolysis is starting to take place in which pyruvate is being formed from glucose. In the premier half of this process known as the preparatory phase, there is a debt of two ATP molecules. except this is recovered in the payoff phase in which 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is oxidized and phosphorylated to form 3-phosphoglycerate, with the production of four ATP molecules thus providing a net yield of 2 ATP molecules.30 minutesHalf track through the race, the citric acid cycle predominates in the oxidation of carbohydrates and lipids in order to supply energy. At this stage, half of the runners energy needs are being supplied by carbohydrates while the separate half is being met by lipids. Within the mitochondria of the cell,45 minutesAs the race is nearing the end, most of the energy is being supplied through the catabolism of fats from storages in adipose tissue.